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Comparative Study of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Histopathology Results of Salivary Gland Swelling in St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mohammed Sefa Arusi Dari^1*, Zeyneb Saleh Hassen² and Zelalem Tadesse Wondimu³

¹Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

²General Practitioner, St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

³Department of Internal Medicine, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia

^*Corresponding author: Mohammed Sefa Arusi Dari, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, E-mail: [email protected]

Received: February 01, 2025, Accepted: February 17, 2025, Published: March 19, 2025

Citation: Mohammed Sefa Arusi Dari. Comparative Study of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Histopathology Results of Salivary Gland Swelling in St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. World J Surg Surgical Case Rep. 2025;1(1): 1-17.

Copyright: ©2025 Mohammed Sefa Arusi Dari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Background: Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a widely accepted, safe, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluating salivary gland swellings. It helps differentiate between benign, inflammatory, and malignant lesions, aiding in surgical planning and management.

Objective: This study aimed to compare FNAC results with histopathology findings to assess the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in evaluating salivary gland swellings at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A four-year hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with salivary gland swellings who underwent both FNAC and histopathology at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College from January 1, 2019, to August 30, 2022. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated using histopathology as the gold standard.

Results: Of the 475 FNACs performed, 110 cases had correlating histopathology results. The parotid gland was the most commonly affected site (46.4%), followed by the submandibular gland (42.7%) and minor salivary glands (10.9%). FNAC demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy: 100%, 98.83%, and 99.09% for non-neoplastic lesions; 96.4%, 92.6%, and 94.5% for benign neoplasms; and 83.3%, 95.5%, and 94.54% for malignant neoplasms, respectively.

Conclusion: FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for evaluating salivary gland swellings. It is reliable for preoperative planning and can help avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.

Keywords: Salivary gland, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Histopathology, Diagnostic accuracy